Natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a dark brown viscous liquid extracted from the shell of the cashew fruit of the tropical lacquer plant. In the early development, it was once abandoned due to its strong irritation and corrosiveness. With the deepening of research, it was found that the main component of CNSL is cardiomycin (about 90%), in addition to 10% cardiomycin and a small amount of polymer. In the industrial extraction process, cardiomycin undergoes decarboxylation to produce cardanol, which is a monophenol derivative with an unsaturated or saturated long carbon chain (-C15H25-31), including saturated chemicalbook and monoene, diene and triene components (Figure 1). Cardanol has very important development and application value in the fields of coatings, rubbers and surfactants due to its abundant resources and low price. It is a green chemical raw material with great development prospects. Recent studies have also shown that cashew nut shell liquid has potential application prospects in the fields of medicine, biocomposite materials, antibacterial, etc. The processing and extraction reaction temperature of traditional cashew nut shell liquid is relatively high, and the resulting refined cashew nut shell liquid has high viscosity and dark color. The cost of subsequent distillation and refining of high-purity cardanol is high, so its application is limited.